Pfiesteria are a group of unicellular microorganisms that live in estuaries (back bay waters where rivers mix with ocean water). When large numbers of fish are present, and other environmental conditions are right, these organisms can multiply and secrete one or more toxins (poisons) that can kill fish and shellfish and can also cause adverse health effects in humans exposed to the waters or to vapors emanating from the waters in a fish kill area. Pfiesteria have caused or contributed to a number of large fish kills along the east coast from FL to DE, most frequently in NC and MD. Some adverse human health effects in laboratory workers and bay fishermen have been associated with exposure during Pfiesteria-related fish kill events.

The NJ Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) have prepared a document entitled "Pfiesteria: Background Information and Contingency Plan." This document dictates response protocols to be used by DHSS, DEP, and county and local health and emergency response personnel in the event of a Pfiesteria-related fish kill.

Research scientists in DEP’s Division of Science, Research & Technology have prepared an additional document that describe research conducted in NJ on Pfiesteria.

Pfiesteria Monitoring in New Jersey 1998 – 2000: (6/8/07)

In addition, a MS Power Point presentation entitled "Pfiesteria." is a series of slides that provide additional background information on these organisms.

• New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife
• New Jersey Division of Watershed Management
• EPA