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Underground
Storage Tanks (UST)
UST Terminology Explained
A to E
Activity
Abandon in place or abandonment
in place
Annular space
Aquifer
Beneath the surface of the ground
Casing
Cathodic protection
Cathodic protection tester
Close or closure
Commercial
Commissioner
Compatible
Continuous monitoring
Corrosion
Corrosion expert
Daily
Decommissioning
Department
Discharge
Discharge detection observation
well
Discharge detection system
Double-walled tank
Electrical equipment
Empty
Excavation area
Existing underground storage tank
system
Exposure assessment
F to L
Facility
Facility certification
Farm tank
Field constructed tank
Flow-through process tank
Free product
Hazardous substances
Heating oil
Holiday
Hydraulic lift
Installation
Inventory controls
Leak
Leak detection system
Legal entity
Lining
Liquid
Liquid level indicator
Liquid sensor
Liquid trap
M to Q
Membrane liner
Modify or modification
Monitor well
Monitoring system
Motor fuel
New underground storage tank system
Nonoperational storage tank
Non-public water supply
Numbers 4, 5 and 6 fuel oil
Operational storage tank
Operator
Owner
Periodic
Permit
Person
Petroleum or petroleum products
Piping or pipe
Piping-containment chambers
Potential receptor
Pressure loss sensor
Primary container
Product tight
Public community water system
Public non-community water system
Public water system
Qualified Ground Water Consultant
R to Z
Receptor
Registration Certificate
Release
Remedial investigation
Removal or removed
Residential building
Saturated zone or zone of saturation
Screen
Secondary containment
Site
Site investigation
Stage
Standard Reporting Form
State Act
Substantial modification
Sump
Surface impoundment
Tank
Tank capacity
Test
Transfer of ownership
Underground storage tank
Underground storage tank program
Underground storage tank system
or tank system
Unsaturated zone
Use
U-tube
Vacuum loss sensor
Vadose zone
Vapor sensor
Volatile organic substance
Wastewater treatment tank
Water table
The following words and terms, when used
in this chapter, shall have the following meanings unless
context clearly indicates otherwise:
Activity means
any one of the following:
- Installation of a new underground storage tank system;
- Closure of an underground storage tank system; or
- Substantial modification of an underground storage tank
system.
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Abandon in place or abandonment
in place means a tank rendered permanently nonoperational
and left in the ground.
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Annular space means the space
created between the primary and secondary container of a
double-walled underground storage tank system.
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Aquifer means a geological formation,
group of formations, or part of a formation that is capable
of yielding a significant amount of water to a well or spring.
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Beneath the surface of the ground
means beneath the ground surface or otherwise covered with
earthen materials.
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Casing means a pipe used to support
the sides of a hole to prevent caving or the entrance of
water or other fluids into the hole.
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Cathodic protection means a technique
to prevent corrosion of a metal surface by making that surface
the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
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Cathodic protection tester means
a person who can demonstrate an understanding of the principles
and measurements of all common types of cathodic protection
systems as applied to buried or submerged metal piping and
tank systems. At a minimum, such persons must have education
and experience in soil resistivity, stray current, structure-to-soil
potential, and component electrical isolation measurements
of buried metal piping and tank systems.
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Close or closure means the permanent
elimination from service of any underground storage tank
system by removal or abandonment in place.
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Commercial means any activity
involving a hazardous substance from an underground storage
tank system including, but not limited to, the resale, distribution,
processing and transportation of any hazardous substance,
as well as the use of any hazardous substance to perform
or carry out these or other activities that result in monetary
gain.
Commissioner means the Commissioner
of the Department of Environmental Protection.
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Compatible means the ability
of two or more substances to maintain their respective physical
and chemical properties upon contact with one another for
the design life of the tank system under conditions likely
to be encountered in the tank system.
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Continuous monitoring means a
monitoring system that incorporates automatic equipment
that can detect leaks and/or discharges without interruption.
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Corrosion means the deterioration
of a material by direct or electrochemical reaction with
its environment.
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Corrosion expert means a person
who, by reason of thorough knowledge of the physical sciences
and the principles of engineering and mathematics acquired
by a professional education and related practical experience,
is qualified to engage in the practice of corrosion control
on buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks.
Such a person must be certified as being qualified by the
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) or be
a licensed New Jersey Professional Engineer as defined in
N.J.S.A. 45:8-27 et seq.
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Daily means at least five days
per week.
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Decommissioning means the excavating,
cleaning, degassing, removal or abandonment in place of
an underground storage tank system.
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Department means the Department
of Environmental Protection.
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Discharge means the intentional
or unintentional release by any means of hazardous substances
from an underground storage tank into the environment.
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Discharge detection observation well
means an access point constructed of screen and casing used
in conjunction with a monitoring system to detect a release
of product or compound in the vapor or liquid phase which
is stored in the underground storage tank system, for the
operational life of the underground storage tank system.
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Discharge detection system
means a method of detecting a discharge of hazardous substances
into the environment from an underground storage tank system.
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Double-walled tank means an underground
storage tank in which a rigid secondary container is attached
to the primary container and which has an annular space.
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Electrical equipment means underground
equipment that contains dielectric fluid necessary for the
operation of equipment such as transformers and buried electrical
cable.
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Empty means all hazardous substances
have been removed that can be removed by direct pumping
or drainage and no more than 2.5 centimeters (one inch)
of residue, or 0.3 percent by weight of the total capacity
of the system, whichever is the smaller amount, remains.
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Excavation area means the area
containing the underground storage tank system and backfill
material and bounded by the above ground surface, walls,
and pit and trenches into which the underground storage
tank system is placed at the time of installation.
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Existing underground storage tank system
means an underground storage tank system for which installation
commenced on or before September 4, 1990 and which is not
closed pursuant to this chapter. Installation is considered
to have commenced if:
- The owner or operator has obtained all federal, state
and local approvals or permits necessary to begin physical
construction of the site or installation of the tank system;
and if,
- A continuous on-site physical construction
or installation program has begun; or,
- The owner or operator has entered into contractual
obligations that cannot be canceled or modified without
substantial loss. These contractual obligations shall
be for physical construction at the site or installation
of the tank system which shall be completed within a
reasonable time.
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Exposure assessment means a study
to identify all existing and/or potential receptors of contamination
due to a release of hazardous substances into the environment.
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Facility means one or more underground
storage tank systems owned by one person on a contiguous
piece of property.
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Facility certification means
the periodic renewal of the registration of a facility with
the department pursuant to this chapter.
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Farm tank means an underground
storage tank which contains or contained hazardous substances
located on a tract of land devoted to the production of
crops or raising animals pursuant to the Farmland Assessment
Act of 1964, (N.J.S.A. 54:4-23.1 et seq.), and including
fish hatcheries, rangeland, and nurseries with growing operations.
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Field constructed tank means
a tank constructed at the facility with a capacity of 50,000
gallons or more. Tanks which are factory-built and assembled
in the field are not considered field-constructed tanks.
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Flow-through process tank means
a tank that forms an integral part of a production process
through which there is a steady, variable, recurring or
intermittent flow of materials during the operation of the
process. Flow-through process tanks do not include tanks
used for the storage of materials prior to their introduction
into the production process or for the storage of finished
products or by-products from the production process.
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Free product means a hazardous
substance that is present as a non-aqueous phase liquid.
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Hazardous substances mean:
- Motor fuel;
- Petroleum products that are liquid at standard conditions
of temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and
14.7 pounds per square inch absolute);
- The hazardous wastes designated pursuant to:
- Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976, Pub. L. 94-580 (42 U.S.C.
6921); and
- N.J.A.C. 7:26-8;
- The hazardous substances designated pursuant to:
- Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. 92-500 (33 U.S.C.
1321);
- Section 101 (14) of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, Pub.
L. 96-150 (42 U.S.C. 9601); and
- The Spill Compensation and Control Act, N.J.S.A.
58:10-23.11 et seq.; and
- The toxic pollutants designated pursuant to Section
307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972, Pub. L. 92-500 (33 U.S.C. 1317).
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Heating oil means any grade of
petroleum product including, but not limited to, Nos. 1,
2, 4 (light and heavy), 5 (light and heavy) and 6 fuel oils,
diesel and kerosene of any grade or type used to heat residential,
industrial, or commercial premises.
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Holiday means a flaw in the integrity
of the metal or a flaw in the corrosion resistant coating
of the metallic parts of an underground storage tank system
which may cause the metal to corrode.
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Hydraulic lift tank means a tank
holding hydraulic fluid for a closed-loop mechanical system
that uses compressed air and hydraulic fluid to operate
lifts, elevators and other similar devices.
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Installation means the emplacement
of a new underground storage tank or underground storage
tank system including the replacement of an existing underground
storage tank or underground storage tank system.
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Inventory controls means the
techniques used to identify a loss of product that are based
on volumetric measurements in the underground storage tank
and reconciliation of these measurements with hazardous
substance delivery and withdrawal records.
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Leak means the release of a hazardous
substance from an underground storage tank system into a
space created by a method of secondary containment wherein
hazardous substances can be detected by visual inspection
or a monitoring system before they enter the environment.
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Leak detection system means
a method of detecting a leak in the space created by a method
of secondary containment.
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Legal entity means all public
and private entities, including all political subdivisions
of the state, such as counties and municipalities as well
as utility authorities.
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Lining means a layer of non-corrodible
material resistant to the hazardous substance stored and
bonded firmly to the interior surface of the tank, pipe,
line, fixture or other equipment.
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Liquid means any material which
has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt
when tested in accordance with the ASTM D-5-78 Test for
Penetration --For Bituminous Materials. If not specified,
liquid shall mean both combustible and noncombustible liquids.
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Liquid level indicator means
a monitoring system which detects a change in the height
of a fixed volume of liquid in an annular space.
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Liquid sensor means a monitoring
system which detects the liquid phase of a hazardous substance.
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Liquid trap means sumps, well
cellars, and other traps used in association with oil and
gas production, gathering and extraction operations (including
gas production plants) for the purpose of collecting oil,
water and other liquids for subsequent disposition or reinjection
into a production or pipeline stream, or which may collect
and separate liquids from a gas stream.
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Membrane liner means a synthetic
non-corrodible impervious material used as a barrier around
the tank system to facilitate monitoring releases.
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Modify or modification means
a revision, update, adjustment, correction or change in
any information included in a facility's registration material.
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Monitor well means a well used
to observe the elevation of the water table or potenteometric
surface, or to determine water quality in an aquifer.
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Monitoring system means either
a discharge detection system or leak detection system capable
of detecting leaks or discharges, or both, other than an
inventory control system, used in conjunction with an underground
storage tank or a facility conforming to criteria established
in N.J.A.C. 7:14B-6.
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Motor fuel means any petroleum
product that includes, but is not limited to, all grades
of gasoline, diesel fuel and kerosene used in the operation
of any type of engine.
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New underground storage tank system
means an underground storage tank system which is not an
existing or closed underground storage tank system.
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Nonoperational storage tank means
any underground storage tank in which hazardous substances
are not contained or from which hazardous substance are
not dispensed.
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Non-public water supply means
a water system that is not a public water system.
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Numbers 4, 5 and 6 fuel oil means
grades of fuel oil used for power generation or heating
with properties listed within ASTM Specifications D- 396
and 975.
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Operational storage tank means
any underground storage tank in which hazardous substances
are contained or from which hazardous substances are dispensed.
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Operator means any person in
control of, or having responsibility for, the daily operation
of a facility.
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Owner means any person who owns
a facility or, in the case of a nonoperational storage tank,
the person who owned the nonoperational storage tank immediately
prior to the discontinuation of its use.
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Periodic means the time period
for renewal of a facility certification; the period may
be one, two, or three years.
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Permit means an authorization
or license or equivalent control document issued by the
department or its designee to implement the requirements
of N.J.A.C. 7:14B-10.
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Person means any individual,
partnership, company, corporation, consortium, joint venture,
commercial or any other legal entity, the State of New Jersey,
or the United States Government.
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Petroleum or petroleum products
means all hydrocarbons which are liquid at one atmosphere
pressure (760 millimeters or 29.92 inches Hg) and temperatures
between -20u F and 120 F (-290 C and 49w C), and all hydrocarbons
which are discharged in a liquid state at or nearly at atmospheric
pressure at temperatures in excess of 120 o F (49 C) including,
but not limited to, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, oil sludge,
oil refuse, oil mixed with other wastes, crude oil, and
purified hydrocarbons that have been refined, re-refined,
or otherwise processed for the purpose of being burned as
a fuel to produce heat or useable energy or which are suitable
for use as a motor fuel or lubricant in the operation or
maintenance of an engine.
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Piping or pipe means any hollow
cylinder or tubular conveyance which routinely contains
a hazardous substance, is in contact with the ground and
is constructed of non-earthen materials, including any valves,
elbows, joints, flanges and flexible connections and is
designed to transport hazardous substances. Piping does
not include vent lines, vapor recovery lines or fittings
located on top of the tank.
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Piping-containment chambers
means a container attached to the top of the underground
storage tank accessible to grade providing containment of
product bearing appurtenant pipe fittings.
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Potential receptor means any
structure or area that may become contaminated from, or
affected by, a leak or spill from an underground storage
tank which then may endanger the environment or health,
safety or welfare of any citizen.
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Pressure loss sensor means a
monitoring system that can detect a loss of pressure in
a pressurized annular space.
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Primary container means the first
level of containment that comes into immediate contact on
its inner surface with the hazardous substance being contained
(for example, a single-walled tank).
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Product tight means impervious
to the hazardous substance contained or to be contained
so as to prevent a release.
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Public community water system
means a public water system which serves at least 15 service
connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves
at least 25 year-round residents.
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Public non-community water system
means a public water system that is not a community water
system.
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Public water system means a
system for the provision to the public of piped water for
human consumption, if such system has at least 15 service
connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals
daily at least 60 days out of the year.
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Qualified Ground Water Consultant
means any person who holds one or more of the following:
- A certification used by one of the following organizations:
- American Institute of Hydrology - professional
hydrologist, professional hydrogeologist, or professional
hydrologist (ground-water);
- American Institute of Professional Geologists, Certified
professional geologist or certified professional geological
scientist;
- American Society of Agronomy, American Registry of
Certified Professionals in Agronomy, Crops and Soils
- certified professional soil scientist or certified
professional soil specialist;
- National Water Well Association, Association of Ground
Water Scientists and Engineers - certified ground water
professional;
- American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Division
of Professional Affairs - certified petroleum geologists;
- Society of Independent Professional Earth Scientists
- member; or
- Association of Engineering Geologists -member;
- A New Jersey Professional Engineer License; or
- Any other license, certification, or registration to
practice geology, hydrogeology or ground water hydrology
issued by any state in the United States or by any national
organization, provided that the license, certification
or registration process requires, at a minimum, the following:
- Possession of a bachelor's degree from an
accredited college;
- Five years of professional experience in geology,
hydrogeology or ground water hydrology;
- Three qualified references;
- Review by a board for acceptance; and
- Adherence to a code of ethics
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Receptor means any human or other
ecological component which is or may be affected by a contaminant
from a contaminated site.
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Registration Certificate means
a control document issued by the department to implement
the UST registration requirements.
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Release means a leak or discharge.
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Remedial investigation means
remedial investigation as defined in N.J.A.C.
7:26E-1.8.
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Removal or removed means an
underground storage tank that has been taken out of the
ground and disposed of in accordance with applicable local,
State and Federal laws.
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Residential building means a
single or multi-family dwelling, nursing home, trailer,
condominium, boarding house, apartment house, or other structure
designed and used primarily as a dwelling.
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Saturated zone or zone of saturation
means that part of the subsurface under greater than atmospheric
pressure in which all voids are filled with water.
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Screen means a pipe used to support
the sides of a hole which allows the entrance of water,
vapor or other fluid into the hole.
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Secondary containment means an
additional layer of impervious material creating a space
wherein a leak of hazardous substances from an underground
storage tank system may be detected before it enters the
environment.
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Site means the contiguous piece
of property at which a facility is located.
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Site investigation means site
investigation as defined in N.J.A.C.
7:26E-1.8.
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Stage means to place in a temporary
holding area prior to final disposal.
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Standard Reporting Form or SRF
means the official form of the department used to report
a change in the status of a registered underground storage
tank.
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State Act means P.L. 1986, c.
102 (codified at N.J.S.A. 58:1OA-21 et seq.) and any amendments
thereto.
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Substantial modification means
any construction at, or restoration, refurbishment or renovation
of, an existing facility which increases or decreases the
in-place storage capacity of the facility or alters the
physical configuration or affects the physical integrity
of the facility or its monitoring systems.
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Sump means any pit or reservoir
that meets the definition of an underground storage tank
(including pipes, troughs or trenches connected to it) that
serves to collect or contain a leak or discharge of a hazardous
substance for no more than 48 hours.
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Surface impoundment means a natural
topographic depression, man-made excavation or diked area
formed primarily of earthen materials (although it may be
lined with man-made materials) that is designed to hold
an accumulation of hazardous substances and that is not
an injection well.
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Tank means a stationary device,
designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous substances
that is constructed of non-earthen materials (for example,
concrete, steel, plastic) that provide structural support.
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Tank capacity means the manufacturer's
nominal tank size, when referring to a single tank. When
referring to multiple tanks storing hazardous substances
at the same site, within one of the following three categories:
motor fuel, heating oil for residential use, heating oil
for non-residential use, the aggregate of the nominal tank
sizes will be used to determine capacity.
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Test means the testing of underground
storage tanks in accordance with standards adopted by the
department.
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Transfer of ownership means a
change in the ownership of a facility.
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Underground storage tank means
any one or combination of tanks, as set forth in N.J.A.C.
7:14B-1.4, including appurtenant pipes, lines, fixtures,
and other related equipment, used to contain an accumulation
of hazardous substances, the volume of which, including
the volume of the appurtenant pipes, lines, fixtures and
other related equipment, is 10 percent or more beneath the
surface of the ground.
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Underground storage tank program
means the regulatory requirements and activities conducted
pursuant to the authority of N.J.S.A. 58:10A-21 et seq.
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Underground storage tank system or
tank system means an underground storage tank and
its associated ancillary equipment and containment system,
if any.
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Unsaturated zone means the subsurface
zone containing water under a hydrostatic pressure less
than atmospheric, including water held by capillary forces
within the soil containing air or gases generally under
atmospheric pressure. This zone is limited above by the
ground surface and below by the upper surface of the zone
of saturation.
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Use means the filling, dispensing
or storing of any hazardous substance from or in an underground
storage tank system.
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U-tube means a slotted pipe located
lengthwise and underneath each tank, sloped to a collection
sump and accessible at grade.
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Vacuum loss sensor means a monitoring
system which detects the loss of vacuum from an annular
space and thereby indicates a breach in either the primary
or secondary container.
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Vadose zone means the zone containing
water under hydrostatic pressure less than atmospheric pressure
and which is bounded by the ground surface and the water
table.
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Vapor sensor means a monitoring
system which can detect the gaseous phase of a hazardous
substance.
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Volatile organic substance means
any organic substances, mixture of organic substances, or
mixture of organic and inorganic substances including, but
not limited to, petroleum crudes, petroleum fractions, petrochemicals,
solvents, diluents, and thinners which have vapor pressures
or sums of partial pressures of substances of 0.02 pounds
per square inch (one millimeter of mercury) absolute or
greater measured at standard conditions of atmospheric pressure
and a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit; and, in the
case of surface coating formulations, includes any coalescing
or other agent, regardless of vapor pressure, which evaporates
from the coating during the drying phase; but does not include
methane, dichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane,
chlorodifluoromethane, trifluoromethane, 1,1,2 trichloro-1,2,2,
trifluorethane, 1,2, dichloro- 1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethane
and chloropentafluoroethane.
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Wastewater treatment tank means
a tank that is part of a wastewater treatment facility regulated
under either Section 402 or 307(b) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and receives
and treats or stores an influent wastewater that contains
a hazardous substance, or is regulated as a treatment works
pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:14A-1 et seq.
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Water table means the surface
of the body of unconfined ground water where the hydrostatic
pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. The water table
is the boundary between the saturated and unsaturated zones
and fluctuates according to season and rainfall.
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