njdep
site remediation program

Underground Storage Tanks (UST)

UST Terminology Explained


A to E
Activity
Abandon in place or abandonment in place
Annular space
Aquifer
Beneath the surface of the ground
Casing
Cathodic protection
Cathodic protection tester
Close or closure
Commercial
Commissioner
Compatible
Continuous monitoring
Corrosion
Corrosion expert
Daily
Decommissioning
Department
Discharge
Discharge detection observation well
Discharge detection system
Double-walled tank
Electrical equipment
Empty
Excavation area
Existing underground storage tank system
Exposure assessment

F to L
Facility
Facility certification
Farm tank
Field constructed tank
Flow-through process tank
Free product
Hazardous substances
Heating oil
Holiday
Hydraulic lift
Installation
Inventory controls
Leak
Leak detection system
Legal entity
Lining
Liquid
Liquid level indicator
Liquid sensor
Liquid trap

M to Q
Membrane liner
Modify or modification
Monitor well
Monitoring system
Motor fuel
New underground storage tank system
Nonoperational storage tank
Non-public water supply
Numbers 4, 5 and 6 fuel oil
Operational storage tank
Operator
Owner
Periodic
Permit
Person
Petroleum or petroleum products
Piping or pipe
Piping-containment chambers
Potential receptor
Pressure loss sensor
Primary container
Product tight
Public community water system
Public non-community water system
Public water system
Qualified Ground Water Consultant

R to Z
Receptor
Registration Certificate
Release
Remedial investigation
Removal or removed
Residential building
Saturated zone or zone of saturation
Screen
Secondary containment
Site
Site investigation
Stage
Standard Reporting Form
State Act
Substantial modification
Sump
Surface impoundment
Tank
Tank capacity
Test
Transfer of ownership
Underground storage tank
Underground storage tank program
Underground storage tank system or tank system
Unsaturated zone
Use
U-tube
Vacuum loss sensor
Vadose zone
Vapor sensor
Volatile organic substance
Wastewater treatment tank
Water table


The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, shall have the following meanings unless context clearly indicates otherwise:

Activity means any one of the following:

  1. Installation of a new underground storage tank system;
  2. Closure of an underground storage tank system; or
  3. Substantial modification of an underground storage tank system.

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Abandon in place or abandonment in place means a tank rendered permanently nonoperational and left in the ground.

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Annular space means the space created between the primary and secondary container of a double-walled underground storage tank system.

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Aquifer means a geological formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that is capable of yielding a significant amount of water to a well or spring.

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Beneath the surface of the ground means beneath the ground surface or otherwise covered with earthen materials.

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Casing means a pipe used to support the sides of a hole to prevent caving or the entrance of water or other fluids into the hole.

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Cathodic protection means a technique to prevent corrosion of a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

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Cathodic protection tester means a person who can demonstrate an understanding of the principles and measurements of all common types of cathodic protection systems as applied to buried or submerged metal piping and tank systems. At a minimum, such persons must have education and experience in soil resistivity, stray current, structure-to-soil potential, and component electrical isolation measurements of buried metal piping and tank systems.

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Close or closure means the permanent elimination from service of any underground storage tank system by removal or abandonment in place.

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Commercial means any activity involving a hazardous substance from an underground storage tank system including, but not limited to, the resale, distribution, processing and transportation of any hazardous substance, as well as the use of any hazardous substance to perform or carry out these or other activities that result in monetary gain.


Commissioner means the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection.

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Compatible means the ability of two or more substances to maintain their respective physical and chemical properties upon contact with one another for the design life of the tank system under conditions likely to be encountered in the tank system.

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Continuous monitoring means a monitoring system that incorporates automatic equipment that can detect leaks and/or discharges without interruption.

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Corrosion means the deterioration of a material by direct or electrochemical reaction with its environment.

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Corrosion expert means a person who, by reason of thorough knowledge of the physical sciences and the principles of engineering and mathematics acquired by a professional education and related practical experience, is qualified to engage in the practice of corrosion control on buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks. Such a person must be certified as being qualified by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) or be a licensed New Jersey Professional Engineer as defined in N.J.S.A. 45:8-27 et seq.

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Daily means at least five days per week.

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Decommissioning means the excavating, cleaning, degassing, removal or abandonment in place of an underground storage tank system.

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Department means the Department of Environmental Protection.

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Discharge means the intentional or unintentional release by any means of hazardous substances from an underground storage tank into the environment.

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Discharge detection observation well means an access point constructed of screen and casing used in conjunction with a monitoring system to detect a release of product or compound in the vapor or liquid phase which is stored in the underground storage tank system, for the operational life of the underground storage tank system.

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Discharge detection system means a method of detecting a discharge of hazardous substances into the environment from an underground storage tank system.

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Double-walled tank means an underground storage tank in which a rigid secondary container is attached to the primary container and which has an annular space.

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Electrical equipment means underground equipment that contains dielectric fluid necessary for the operation of equipment such as transformers and buried electrical cable.

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Empty means all hazardous substances have been removed that can be removed by direct pumping or drainage and no more than 2.5 centimeters (one inch) of residue, or 0.3 percent by weight of the total capacity of the system, whichever is the smaller amount, remains.

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Excavation area means the area containing the underground storage tank system and backfill material and bounded by the above ground surface, walls, and pit and trenches into which the underground storage tank system is placed at the time of installation.

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Existing underground storage tank system means an underground storage tank system for which installation commenced on or before September 4, 1990 and which is not closed pursuant to this chapter. Installation is considered to have commenced if:

  1. The owner or operator has obtained all federal, state and local approvals or permits necessary to begin physical construction of the site or installation of the tank system; and if,
    1. A continuous on-site physical construction or installation program has begun; or,
    2. The owner or operator has entered into contractual obligations that cannot be canceled or modified without substantial loss. These contractual obligations shall be for physical construction at the site or installation of the tank system which shall be completed within a reasonable time.

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Exposure assessment means a study to identify all existing and/or potential receptors of contamination due to a release of hazardous substances into the environment.

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Facility means one or more underground storage tank systems owned by one person on a contiguous piece of property.

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Facility certification means the periodic renewal of the registration of a facility with the department pursuant to this chapter.

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Farm tank means an underground storage tank which contains or contained hazardous substances located on a tract of land devoted to the production of crops or raising animals pursuant to the Farmland Assessment Act of 1964, (N.J.S.A. 54:4-23.1 et seq.), and including fish hatcheries, rangeland, and nurseries with growing operations.

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Field constructed tank means a tank constructed at the facility with a capacity of 50,000 gallons or more. Tanks which are factory-built and assembled in the field are not considered field-constructed tanks.

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Flow-through process tank means a tank that forms an integral part of a production process through which there is a steady, variable, recurring or intermittent flow of materials during the operation of the process. Flow-through process tanks do not include tanks used for the storage of materials prior to their introduction into the production process or for the storage of finished products or by-products from the production process.

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Free product means a hazardous substance that is present as a non-aqueous phase liquid.

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Hazardous substances mean:

  1. Motor fuel;
  2. Petroleum products that are liquid at standard conditions of temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute);
  3. The hazardous wastes designated pursuant to:
    1. Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Pub. L. 94-580 (42 U.S.C. 6921); and
    2. N.J.A.C. 7:26-8;
  4. The hazardous substances designated pursuant to:
    1. Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. 92-500 (33 U.S.C. 1321);
    2. Section 101 (14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-150 (42 U.S.C. 9601); and
    3. The Spill Compensation and Control Act, N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11 et seq.; and
  5. The toxic pollutants designated pursuant to Section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. 92-500 (33 U.S.C. 1317).

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Heating oil means any grade of petroleum product including, but not limited to, Nos. 1, 2, 4 (light and heavy), 5 (light and heavy) and 6 fuel oils, diesel and kerosene of any grade or type used to heat residential, industrial, or commercial premises.

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Holiday means a flaw in the integrity of the metal or a flaw in the corrosion resistant coating of the metallic parts of an underground storage tank system which may cause the metal to corrode.

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Hydraulic lift tank means a tank holding hydraulic fluid for a closed-loop mechanical system that uses compressed air and hydraulic fluid to operate lifts, elevators and other similar devices.

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Installation means the emplacement of a new underground storage tank or underground storage tank system including the replacement of an existing underground storage tank or underground storage tank system.

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Inventory controls means the techniques used to identify a loss of product that are based on volumetric measurements in the underground storage tank and reconciliation of these measurements with hazardous substance delivery and withdrawal records.

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Leak means the release of a hazardous substance from an underground storage tank system into a space created by a method of secondary containment wherein hazardous substances can be detected by visual inspection or a monitoring system before they enter the environment.

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Leak detection system means a method of detecting a leak in the space created by a method of secondary containment.

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Legal entity means all public and private entities, including all political subdivisions of the state, such as counties and municipalities as well as utility authorities.

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Lining means a layer of non-corrodible material resistant to the hazardous substance stored and bonded firmly to the interior surface of the tank, pipe, line, fixture or other equipment.

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Liquid means any material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with the ASTM D-5-78 Test for Penetration --For Bituminous Materials. If not specified, liquid shall mean both combustible and noncombustible liquids.

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Liquid level indicator means a monitoring system which detects a change in the height of a fixed volume of liquid in an annular space.

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Liquid sensor means a monitoring system which detects the liquid phase of a hazardous substance.

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Liquid trap means sumps, well cellars, and other traps used in association with oil and gas production, gathering and extraction operations (including gas production plants) for the purpose of collecting oil, water and other liquids for subsequent disposition or reinjection into a production or pipeline stream, or which may collect and separate liquids from a gas stream.

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Membrane liner means a synthetic non-corrodible impervious material used as a barrier around the tank system to facilitate monitoring releases.

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Modify or modification means a revision, update, adjustment, correction or change in any information included in a facility's registration material.

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Monitor well means a well used to observe the elevation of the water table or potenteometric surface, or to determine water quality in an aquifer.

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Monitoring system means either a discharge detection system or leak detection system capable of detecting leaks or discharges, or both, other than an inventory control system, used in conjunction with an underground storage tank or a facility conforming to criteria established in N.J.A.C. 7:14B-6.

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Motor fuel means any petroleum product that includes, but is not limited to, all grades of gasoline, diesel fuel and kerosene used in the operation of any type of engine.

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New underground storage tank system means an underground storage tank system which is not an existing or closed underground storage tank system.

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Nonoperational storage tank means any underground storage tank in which hazardous substances are not contained or from which hazardous substance are not dispensed.

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Non-public water supply means a water system that is not a public water system.

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Numbers 4, 5 and 6 fuel oil means grades of fuel oil used for power generation or heating with properties listed within ASTM Specifications D- 396 and 975.

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Operational storage tank means any underground storage tank in which hazardous substances are contained or from which hazardous substances are dispensed.

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Operator means any person in control of, or having responsibility for, the daily operation of a facility.

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Owner means any person who owns a facility or, in the case of a nonoperational storage tank, the person who owned the nonoperational storage tank immediately prior to the discontinuation of its use.

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Periodic means the time period for renewal of a facility certification; the period may be one, two, or three years.

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Permit means an authorization or license or equivalent control document issued by the department or its designee to implement the requirements of N.J.A.C. 7:14B-10.

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Person means any individual, partnership, company, corporation, consortium, joint venture, commercial or any other legal entity, the State of New Jersey, or the United States Government.

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Petroleum or petroleum products means all hydrocarbons which are liquid at one atmosphere pressure (760 millimeters or 29.92 inches Hg) and temperatures between -20u F and 120 F (-290 C and 49w C), and all hydrocarbons which are discharged in a liquid state at or nearly at atmospheric pressure at temperatures in excess of 120 o F (49 C) including, but not limited to, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, oil sludge, oil refuse, oil mixed with other wastes, crude oil, and purified hydrocarbons that have been refined, re-refined, or otherwise processed for the purpose of being burned as a fuel to produce heat or useable energy or which are suitable for use as a motor fuel or lubricant in the operation or maintenance of an engine.

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Piping or pipe means any hollow cylinder or tubular conveyance which routinely contains a hazardous substance, is in contact with the ground and is constructed of non-earthen materials, including any valves, elbows, joints, flanges and flexible connections and is designed to transport hazardous substances. Piping does not include vent lines, vapor recovery lines or fittings located on top of the tank.

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Piping-containment chambers means a container attached to the top of the underground storage tank accessible to grade providing containment of product bearing appurtenant pipe fittings.

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Potential receptor means any structure or area that may become contaminated from, or affected by, a leak or spill from an underground storage tank which then may endanger the environment or health, safety or welfare of any citizen.

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Pressure loss sensor means a monitoring system that can detect a loss of pressure in a pressurized annular space.

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Primary container means the first level of containment that comes into immediate contact on its inner surface with the hazardous substance being contained (for example, a single-walled tank).

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Product tight means impervious to the hazardous substance contained or to be contained so as to prevent a release.

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Public community water system means a public water system which serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.

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Public non-community water system means a public water system that is not a community water system.

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Public water system means a system for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.

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Qualified Ground Water Consultant means any person who holds one or more of the following:

  1. A certification used by one of the following organizations:
    1. American Institute of Hydrology - professional hydrologist, professional hydrogeologist, or professional hydrologist (ground-water);
    2. American Institute of Professional Geologists, Certified professional geologist or certified professional geological scientist;
    3. American Society of Agronomy, American Registry of Certified Professionals in Agronomy, Crops and Soils - certified professional soil scientist or certified professional soil specialist;
    4. National Water Well Association, Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers - certified ground water professional;
    5. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Division of Professional Affairs - certified petroleum geologists;
    6. Society of Independent Professional Earth Scientists - member; or
    7. Association of Engineering Geologists -member;

  2. A New Jersey Professional Engineer License; or
  3. Any other license, certification, or registration to practice geology, hydrogeology or ground water hydrology issued by any state in the United States or by any national organization, provided that the license, certification or registration process requires, at a minimum, the following:
    1. Possession of a bachelor's degree from an accredited college;
    2. Five years of professional experience in geology, hydrogeology or ground water hydrology;
    3. Three qualified references;
    4. Review by a board for acceptance; and
    5. Adherence to a code of ethics

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Receptor means any human or other ecological component which is or may be affected by a contaminant from a contaminated site.

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Registration Certificate means a control document issued by the department to implement the UST registration requirements.

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Release means a leak or discharge.

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Remedial investigation means remedial investigation as defined in N.J.A.C. 7:26E-1.8.

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Removal or removed means an underground storage tank that has been taken out of the ground and disposed of in accordance with applicable local, State and Federal laws.

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Residential building means a single or multi-family dwelling, nursing home, trailer, condominium, boarding house, apartment house, or other structure designed and used primarily as a dwelling.

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Saturated zone or zone of saturation means that part of the subsurface under greater than atmospheric pressure in which all voids are filled with water.

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Screen means a pipe used to support the sides of a hole which allows the entrance of water, vapor or other fluid into the hole.

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Secondary containment means an additional layer of impervious material creating a space wherein a leak of hazardous substances from an underground storage tank system may be detected before it enters the environment.

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Site means the contiguous piece of property at which a facility is located.

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Site investigation means site investigation as defined in N.J.A.C. 7:26E-1.8.

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Stage means to place in a temporary holding area prior to final disposal.

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Standard Reporting Form or SRF means the official form of the department used to report a change in the status of a registered underground storage tank.

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State Act means P.L. 1986, c. 102 (codified at N.J.S.A. 58:1OA-21 et seq.) and any amendments thereto.

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Substantial modification means any construction at, or restoration, refurbishment or renovation of, an existing facility which increases or decreases the in-place storage capacity of the facility or alters the physical configuration or affects the physical integrity of the facility or its monitoring systems.

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Sump means any pit or reservoir that meets the definition of an underground storage tank (including pipes, troughs or trenches connected to it) that serves to collect or contain a leak or discharge of a hazardous substance for no more than 48 hours.

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Surface impoundment means a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation or diked area formed primarily of earthen materials (although it may be lined with man-made materials) that is designed to hold an accumulation of hazardous substances and that is not an injection well.

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Tank means a stationary device, designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous substances that is constructed of non-earthen materials (for example, concrete, steel, plastic) that provide structural support.

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Tank capacity means the manufacturer's nominal tank size, when referring to a single tank. When referring to multiple tanks storing hazardous substances at the same site, within one of the following three categories: motor fuel, heating oil for residential use, heating oil for non-residential use, the aggregate of the nominal tank sizes will be used to determine capacity.

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Test means the testing of underground storage tanks in accordance with standards adopted by the department.

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Transfer of ownership means a change in the ownership of a facility.

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Underground storage tank means any one or combination of tanks, as set forth in N.J.A.C. 7:14B-1.4, including appurtenant pipes, lines, fixtures, and other related equipment, used to contain an accumulation of hazardous substances, the volume of which, including the volume of the appurtenant pipes, lines, fixtures and other related equipment, is 10 percent or more beneath the surface of the ground.

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Underground storage tank program means the regulatory requirements and activities conducted pursuant to the authority of N.J.S.A. 58:10A-21 et seq.

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Underground storage tank system or tank system means an underground storage tank and its associated ancillary equipment and containment system, if any.

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Unsaturated zone means the subsurface zone containing water under a hydrostatic pressure less than atmospheric, including water held by capillary forces within the soil containing air or gases generally under atmospheric pressure. This zone is limited above by the ground surface and below by the upper surface of the zone of saturation.

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Use means the filling, dispensing or storing of any hazardous substance from or in an underground storage tank system.

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U-tube means a slotted pipe located lengthwise and underneath each tank, sloped to a collection sump and accessible at grade.

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Vacuum loss sensor means a monitoring system which detects the loss of vacuum from an annular space and thereby indicates a breach in either the primary or secondary container.

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Vadose zone means the zone containing water under hydrostatic pressure less than atmospheric pressure and which is bounded by the ground surface and the water table.

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Vapor sensor means a monitoring system which can detect the gaseous phase of a hazardous substance.

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Volatile organic substance means any organic substances, mixture of organic substances, or mixture of organic and inorganic substances including, but not limited to, petroleum crudes, petroleum fractions, petrochemicals, solvents, diluents, and thinners which have vapor pressures or sums of partial pressures of substances of 0.02 pounds per square inch (one millimeter of mercury) absolute or greater measured at standard conditions of atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit; and, in the case of surface coating formulations, includes any coalescing or other agent, regardless of vapor pressure, which evaporates from the coating during the drying phase; but does not include methane, dichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, trifluoromethane, 1,1,2 trichloro-1,2,2, trifluorethane, 1,2, dichloro- 1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethane and chloropentafluoroethane.

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Wastewater treatment tank means a tank that is part of a wastewater treatment facility regulated under either Section 402 or 307(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and receives and treats or stores an influent wastewater that contains a hazardous substance, or is regulated as a treatment works pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:14A-1 et seq.

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Water table means the surface of the body of unconfined ground water where the hydrostatic pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. The water table is the boundary between the saturated and unsaturated zones and fluctuates according to season and rainfall.

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Copyright © State of New Jersey, 1996-2003
Department of Environmental Protection
P. O. Box 402
Trenton, NJ 08625-0402
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Last Updated: July 22, 2003 srp home njdep home

 
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